No-Holds-Barred Interview with Dan Baker 2013
It has been more than
two years since I have interviewed Dan Baker (click HERE
for the interview). That interview was one of my favorite interviews I have
done and read if not the very best, mainly due honest, extensive and personal
answers by Dan Baker. I have said back then that Dan is my role model and he
still is – even more now then ever.
I decided to interview
Dan again and I hope this to be practice in the future as well (every 2-3 years J). I am more than thankful to Dan for his time
and good will to answer all of my questions extensively, honestly, personally and insightfully like he always does.
The goal of this interview was to cut the crap with all that monitoring mumbo-jumbo and get back to the reality ~ to the building of the performance culture, winning habits and hard/smart work. I hope that both me and Dan managed to convey this message.
Enjoy this very insightful interview from one of the leaders in strength and
conditioning.
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| The man...the legend... Dan Baker |
Mladen: It has been
awhile since the last interview we did and
I am sure a lot of things changed. There is not need to introduce yourself,
because I am pretty sure all of my readers know very well who you are. What did
change in the last two years – give us an update Dan
Dan: Hi Mladen, thanks for the opportunity again. The
biggest change I suppose it is the
fact that I no longer work for the Brisbane Broncos NRL club. I worked for them from Sept. 1995 to November
2013. It is pretty full-on life at elite
pro level, there is continual stress and performance scrutiny. Now I can relax a little more and focus on
coach education with ASCA courses and workshops, some occasional lecturing at
Edith Cowan University and other private things that I do and plan to do. So anything I talk about below is what took place
in the last few years or from other times when I was there or from my other
coaching experiences before the Broncos ~ it may not be happening at the
Broncos now or in the future.
Mladen: My questions
in this interview will not involve much “set & reps” questions, but rather
some other profound things that needs to be addressed, but are always lacking
focus. In my opinion I think that's the team/club CULTURE and everything that
goes with it and surrounds it (goal setting, communication, trust, responsibility,
commitment, accountability, motivation and conflict management). What are your
thoughts about it?
Dan: Culture is set by previous traditions and
practices at a club and how the current coach (& staff) and senior players
see those traditions and practices in relation to the present. If there has been a culture of winning by
training hard, not complaining, doing what needs to be done etc, then generally
new, younger players will buy into it. If
a previous culture was not to train too hard, lack discipline, aim for the
occasional good performance, then will it (this culture) take you to the big
games?
If your senior players
set the tone, then who are the younger, less accomplished players to reject
it? So the senior players and coach need
to come up with what they want from the team, then have overall meetings so
that the larger playing group feel included about what the team culture is in
regards to all these things.
From my experience, me
complaining to a player about his non-adherence to anything (eg. diet,
hydration, fitness levels, adherence to rehab protocols etc) is much less
effective than if a senior player says to him
”Can you get your act together over this. We need you in good shape but you are not
displaying to us that you are as committed to the rest of us. It is like you are saying that your comfort
levels are my important than the teams success”. This has a huge effect.
At the Broncos, we
always had good senior players who set good examples with regards to training
and discipline. I believe the problem
for all sports/teams now is “Do archetypal Gen Y want to give up something
(effort/comfort) for the good of the team?” Many people from many sports are
questioning whether they do, so that will be the problem facing coaches in the
immediate future, with regards to adherence to team culture. A sense of entitlement exists with many
younger athletes. But yet again, some
younger athletes are magnificent.
So culture is sometimes
“Monkey see, monkey do”.
Despite all of the
above, we still had financial fines at the Broncos for small breaches of
discipline (being 1-minute late for training, not taking your protein or
vitamins etc) but only young players ever fell foul. But we should not have needed them, if
younger players understood that PROFESSIONALISM
IS NOT ABOUT A PAY PACKET, IT IS ABOUT A STATE OF MIND.
Shannon Turley described
it at the NSCA 2013 conference as the difference between a professional (does
things necessary to do the basics of their job) and a technician (does things
to do their job as perfectly as possible).
I am not sure if
financial fines allows us to see if a player is technician, professional,
semi-pro or amateur in their mindset. I
never gave a player a fine.
Motivation is easy in
one sense, it is about goal setting and reinforcement, but it is also difficult. It is really behaviour modification we are
often concerned with ~ modifying the behavior of amateurs into semi-pros into
professionals and then into technicians.
Making behaviours equate to the goals is difficult. Everyone has the goal of winning the
championship but are their behaviours (eg. eating junk food every day) going to
get them there?
The Professional vs The Technician. See more by Coach Turley HERE
Mladen: It seems that
monitoring and technology is on the raise lately. What are your thoughts on monitoring sRPE
(Session Rate of Perceived Exertion) and other subjective indicators, like
Wellness Questionnaire, POMS and others? How can one use them in real life?
How can you modify training loads, without being manipulated by the players who
are lacking commitment? How to avoid boredom and lack of thrust in those? What
should happen if an athlete report feeling tired? What is the right message to
send to the players?
Dan: Subjective measures like RPE, Wellness etc rely on
trust and education. I have seen RPE’s abused by athletes who gave false
scores, looking to get an unload session or unload week. I think all monitoring need to take into
account some objective data (total meters, GPS, pitches thrown, contacts in
jumps, HR impulse data etc ~ whatever is appropriate to the sport/athlete) and
some subjective data (RPE, feeling). Take
a look at the photo of the poster that used to hang in our training center. It gives a pretty clear message – you have a
certain responsibility to do things to aid your recovery. If you are not doing them why would we change
our program to offset your lack of being a Technician, your lack of respect to
the efforts of your team-mates. But if
you are doing everything right and are not recovering, then we will do
something (unload you etc).
Boredom? I have squatted just about every week of my
life for 30+ years and I am not bored with it.
Training is always a challenge.
In saying that, sure things are manipulated to avoid early
adaptation. Subtle changes, dramatic
changes, loading weeks, unloading weeks, strain, monotony etc. But the reality is, athletes still need to
train hard and get uncomfortable on a regular basis. If they don’t want to do that, they need to
take a big long hard look in the mirror ~ they no longer possess what is
necessary to improve.
Figure 1.
So the message is DO YOUR JOB AS A TECHNICIAN ATHLETE FIRST!!
Mladen: How do you juggle with different “functional”
groups in the squad? By functional I refer to starting line-up, traveling guys,
reserves and injured guys. Do injured guys train harder than the rest? How do
you deal with reserves – do they train harder/more than starting guys and how
do you keep up their motivation to do so? Are there used to be any squad rotation rules, so the reserves
know they have a chance to start if
they work hard(er)?
Dan: I will talk about in-season stuff here, as that
is what I think you are alluding to. The NRL is different to soccer in that all
clubs must name their teams by 12 pm Wednesday each week for the weekends games,
there is no cat-and-mouse about the starting line-up till 2-hrs beforehand like
in soccer. We would typically play on a
Friday night, so we would know most of our team by Tuesday even (sure sometimes
you waiting on blokes injuries to heal or not, but the majority of the team is
known). So those not in the NRL team
play State League, on a Saturday or Sunday.
So we would have three groups – NRL players, State League players and
injured players for that week. The
injured players follow the same schedule as the NRL players, the difference
being on game day, they had their hardest energy system training session of the
week (typically a cross-training session if they are injured and incapable of
running). Injured players don’t travel,
they stay home and train with me. The
State League players schedule is typically 1 or 2 days off-set from NRL. So if NRL lift on Monday and Wednesday, the
SRL lift on Tuesday and Thursday. So
players follow the schedule based upon where they played the previous weekend
(NRL or SRL) to start the week and by Tuesday or Wednesday at the latest they
follow the schedule for their group for the following weekend. Pretty straight-forward, the only glitch is
when we are waiting on an NRL player to recover from injury, if he doesn’t make
it, the SRL player gets called up to NRL late, he usually misses one lifting
session.
Injured blokes get trained
brutally hard. It is an opportunity to
improve energy system fitness without having to save their bodies for the
intense blunt force trauma that rugby league contains. We call the injured players “Rehab” and we
would often play or sing the song “Rehab” ~ “they are trying to make me go to
rehab, I say No, No, No”. No one ever
faked an injury because the option was, for example, light skill and tactical
session with the team under the head coach or get mercilessly trained by myself
and the other S & C staff in our cross-training shed (the Shed of Dread)
looking at the rest of the team having fun doing ball-work.
Figure 2. The Shed of Dread for the
cross-training of injured players who can’t run, tackle or wrestle. Contains Concept 2 rowers, Concept wall
mounted ski ergos, Watt bikes, spin bikes, boxing gear, battling ropes and
more. The poster on the wall, partially
obscured by the glare, says “We are only as strong as our weakest” You can’t escape from energy system conditioning,
even if injured!
If anything players try
to fake recovery from injury to stop being in Rehab!
"If anything players try to fake recovery from injury to stop being in Rehab!" ... With "Rehab" like this players might think twice before lying on being tired. Interesting strategy!
Mladen: How is
training adapted to older players? What do they do more and what do they do
less? How is this coordinated with the head coach? When the new guys arrive,
how do you introduce them to the training system?
Dan: Most of our older blokes don’t want to do
anything different to the rest of the team.
We have tried in the past to protect some older players from high
training loads, but the NRL is super-tough and the blokes playing it are
mentally tough as well. They don’t want
easy or soft options “Soft options make you soft” or “Easy options makes you
easy to beat” are two mottos bandied around.
If we see an older bloke
is close to breaking down, we order him
down, don’t let it appear he is being given an option, otherwise he loses
respect from the other tough blokes. So
if they were close to breaking down, they might be ordered to do the
skill/tactical session with the team on the field and resort to the Shed of
Dread for off-feet conditioning. This
may deload their running volume by 10-20% for the week, not huge but maybe
enough to prevent something bad. Again,
they normally didn’t want to do this, they would see it as a sign of weakness,
of softness. But we would make them. It was pretty rare anyway, once or twice per
season for 1-4 players at most during in-season but a bit more during
pre-season when loads are double or more.
We also try and protect
the younger blokes from the greater total training load and contact. Same thing, substitute some off-feet
cross-training for some of their running conditioning and/or defensive tackling
work. It is hard, head coaches want them
toughened up and team-mates want to see them doing the same intense training as
they are and so on. This is very
difficult to manage, just as I explain in the HRV section ~ how do you keep a
key player out of important tactical training sessions and how often? How does a younger player win respect from
experienced players when he is doing modified training loads?
New blokes to the club,
they get about a two-minute introduction and induction and away we go~
obviously they would have a physio/medical screening before hand and their
problems discussed, but apart from that, full steam ahead!! No need to explain too much except to say
“See that cone 75 m away – run there in 15 s!”
But I would typically put news guys in a small training group with
players experienced at our club, to help guide them through. And our senior players would help guide them
through – that is leadership.
Mladen: How do you
keep player accountable using GPS? Do they have to fill certain norm during
practices and how does this affect tactical behavior on the field – do rules
like these affect running on practices/games in the bad way? How do you know
the necessary dose that needs to be
fulfilled by players and/or position?
Dan: Playing small-sided games, each game would have a
running demand, say “x” m’s in 5-mins for “soccer rugby”, which is the rules of
soccer but passing the ball with the hands ~ a conditioning game designed for
more running content and no contact. Failure to attain your meters meant extra
penalty conditioning drills at the end of the session. For skill and tactical sessions, it would
depend on the nature of the session. If
it was a light skills (learning) session, then there would be no real intensity
to be met. If it was intense skills
session, then a certain % of the session should have been above “x” m/s (I
can’t reveal those figures). Not always
penalties, more education, because sometimes the flow of the game/session
results in you not achieving those scores.
But if one player in a similar position did the prescribed intensities
during skills training and another didn’t, we would point out that fact.
But certain intense
skill sessions may also include the alternating of traditional conditioning
sets with small-sided game sets with intense tactical sets, so the intensity of
the dose is typically fulfilled, because we plan it in detail. If a player does not make their intensities
and everyone else does, sometimes penalties at the end. Do the intensity or do extras! Another motto.
Mladen: What are your
thoughts on HRV technology? Also, which one do you prefer – objective or
subjective monitoring and why?
Dan: I have not used HRV. It would be very difficult
in a team environment. For example, if a
star player in a key role has a young baby keeping him up at night, destroying
his sleep and recovery and he shows up less than optimal, do we rest him and
the whole team cannot train properly tactically? This scenario goes on for weeks and months in
some occasions. What about for big
games, championships, there is a lot of stress – performance anxiety, media
stress, travel stress, stress from family and friends ringing up and looking
for free tickets and autographed memorabilia (you would not believe how much
this happens and stresses players). If a
player was not used to training under some stresses, how do we know if they can
compete and win under such stressful situations. I am not discounting HRV, I need to see how
it could be implemented in a large team environment. I can see its benefits to an individual
athlete, especially a technician with a propensity for over-training (save them
from themselves), but I can see many more problems with a team with varied
personalities and with a coach who wants everyone training, all the time.
So I can see its value
but I can see implementation problems, especially in team sports. Also there are times when we want players
over-reached, so that they rebound in a few weeks time ~ what does HRV do about
that? As MMA female champion Rhonda
Rouseys mother said “I wasn’t training you to win the world championship on the
day you were feeling good, I was training you to make you good enough to win on
your worst day, with injuries and feeling bad”.
I just need to see it in use, how a winning team uses it. Anyone, including perpetual losers, can use
HRV and claim stuff and I don’t discount those experiences, but how are winners
using it? How did it change their
management of training? That is what I
need to see, a teams use of it or a rowing “Eight”, the data they got back, how
they managed the team training and how it changed the teams performance. So far I have only seen individual athletes
(runners, MMA etc) claiming stuff.
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| Time to slow down with all that "monitoring" in team sports.... |
Mladen: I believe most
of the physical tests you use are rather prescriptive than
descriptive/benchmark (e.g. MAS, 1RMs). In the case of benchmark, how often do
you test/monitor players and how do you modify the program based on the score?
Are there any incentives/punishments for lousy scores, especially after the
off-season?
Dan: Firstly on return to training after off-season. Typically
we would allow for a certain % decline in MAS scores for every week of
off-season. So with a typical 7-wk
off-season a player would have to return with a MAS score within certain % of
his previous season best. So if the
previous PB was 1200m in 5-mins, then report back to training and run a time
within that certain pre-determined % decline.
Simple. Only lazy or dumb fuckers
can’t do that, come back at a known % decline of their best. By that I mean once per week for 2-wks before
returning you could do a 5-min run, see where you are at in preparation for the
return to training test, take some action if needed. Then we would aim to get everyone back to
100% of the MAS in a progressive fashion within 4-or so weeks (Gen Prep). Players who fail the return test are given an
extra session of cross-training on Saturday morning (typically a day off). This is the punishment, but it is also
because we need them to improve. At
times during that 4-wks, if they feel they could retest and escape Saturday
morning, they can try. We don’t want
them in on Saturday, they put themselves in by being lazy or dumb fuckers! We know that the MAS score correlates with
meters covered in small-sided games and competition games.
I don’t test strength on
return to training. I assume every male
would do some upper body training, lighter hypertrophy-oriented sets and reps
(and they do), so generally that is maintained pretty close to before, again
within a certain %. Squats and lower
body are trained lighter in an off-season, if at all and I am ok with that, the
legs cop a pounding and need a rest. So
leg training starts off with much lower training %1RM than upper body.
Again we build up so that by wk 4-7, they
should be hitting their previous PB for squats (whether judged as 1 or 3 or
5RM) and equaling or beating their PB’s for upper body.
So using this first 4-7
wks to reclaim everything and then using the next block (3-6 wks) to build new
capacity levels.
I keep detailed records
of each players 1, 3 and 5 RM under different conditions in the key
exercises. For example, 3RM normal, with
bands, with chains. So we are regularly working up to these capacities (as a 3
or 5RM), after we are “in shape.” They
key thing is, once a player “is in shape” and technically stable, he can really
only miss equaling or beating their previous PB due to 1. A niggling or major injury 2. Under-recovering/fatigue 3.
Lack of desire. Either way we
know something is wrong. From regular
“testing” (ie. Analyzing the training Max Effort sets, not every week, but
about half of the weeks during the in-season) we have a monitoring system. Any negative changes, we assume 1 (injury) or
2 (fatigue) from above, work out which one, determine what we need to do (or
what they need to do).
.
Mladen: How do you
deal with certain player wanting to do training outside of club – e.g. hire a
personal strength or speed coach?
Dan: It is not allowed or doesn’t happen in our
situation, for the following reasons.
1. If that outside trainer was
any good, they would be working for a pro team or government institute of
sport, because they pay the best for the best people. So he is most likely a bum or charlatan 2. Outside trainers, having no responsibility
to the team, what are they doing to that player, how is it going to affect the
team? If there is someone that is
independent that a player wants (and I have never seen it), then see the next
point 3. Most importantly, all people having contact/training players must be
signed by the club and be cleared by the Integrity Unit for that pro sport. This is to stop drug peddler trainers, “supplement
gurus”, match-fixer trainers, charlatans, the whole gamut of shady characters
on the periphery of pro sports who are trying to get in but are not good enough
or have no integrity, weaning themselves into a players life and causing
irreparable damage to the sport. So even
if a player wanted “their own” trainer, they would still have to be hired by
the club and be cleared by the integrity unit.
So saying you wanted “your own trainer”, it wouldn’t work in my sport
anyway, as saying you wanted your own trainer is to say “I am a prima donna, I
have special needs beyond the team” ~ the other tough blokes in the NRL squad would
beat the shit out of you (in contact sessions) and verbally mock you for
thinking you are better than them, that you need separate special training/mollycoddling.
I would bet that those
athletes who want their trainer would use one who trained them less volume
and/or less intensity. Are these
athletes coming up to you and saying ”I need my own trainer because we as a
team are not training hard enough, intense enough, we are not doing the
compound exercises, we are not supra-max MAS running and I feel I could play
better by training so much harder”, I bet not.
They are looking for easy options, soft options, (see my mottos above) mollycoddling. “Mate you are not special, despite what your
parents told you” So this is not an Australian problem, but I know it exists in
Europe and the USA, but they have different systems.
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| Unfortunately, excluding NRL sport is full of Prima donnas ... |
Mladen: I would like
to see a study where they compare the group that believes that concurrent training is the best way to train and the
group that believes that concurrent training is the worst thing one can do,
along with neutral/control group. It seems that belief influence things a lot.
How do you get players to buy-in into the program and do you believe that with
concurrent/mixed approach one needs to develop work capacity first to sustain
mixed and increased loads? How does one achieve that and what are your thoughts
now on concurrent/mixed vs. block/sequential approaches compared to two years
ago?
Dan: I don’t know where this belief that you can’t
concurrent train at all came from. We
are in a sport (rugby league, the NRL) that requires strength/power and energy
system fitness as well as brutal unpadded collisions, so concurrent training is
the norm and has been for >100 yrs, since the sport existed. It is the norm since kids are 7 years old, we
deal with it easy, mentally, it just has to be done. When I was 7-years old, we ran, wrestled, did
situps, pushups, jumps and so on as well as the skills of the game and that was
41-years ago (yes that’s right, Crossfit didn’t invent concurrent
training). And we could go back to the
Ancient Greek Olympics, to the Pankration fighters and their 4-day training
cycle called the tetrad, mixing technique days, conditioning days, full contact
sparring days and so on. Concurrent
training has always existed, but due to the time-out system in US sports, some
people have lost sight of this and the fact that we can easily do it if we
train appropriately.
Will NRL players and
other concurrent trainers be as strong as lifters, NO, will they be as aerobically
fit as triathletes, NO, will they be as fast as sprinters, NO, but they need to
be reasonably good at all those things. So
they need to train all things. I can’t
think of a time when any NRL athlete trained just one quality.
So we train conjugate/concurrent
within a week, but in a sequential block manner, with one block building upon
another and leading to the overload that we want. Not much or anything has
changed in my beliefs compared to 2-years ago.
We believe in concurrent training for these types of mixed sports, but
it does not mean I used it when I coached powerlifters or divers! Every sport has their specific demands as
well.
Mladen: And now couple
of more practical questions. Can you
briefly describe your in-season approach to training (e.g. strength, power,
speed, conditioning)? How do you avoid boredom in the long in-season? How do
you avoid soreness with too much drill/exercise rotations and variety?
Dan: Briefly? No, I could write books on it, so I
can’t go into detail here. Details will
be revealed when I do seminars, lectures and workshops.
But in saying that, we
always train hard but in a cycle with different objectives, in the strength
work for example, some weeks are max effort, some are hard effort, some are medium
or medium-hard to unload the neural and adrenal systems. Some days are strength and muscle training
days, some days are power/dynamic effort days.
In-season, the soreness does not come from exercises, it comes from the
brutal contact in the game. So soreness
is normal, just a case of managing the week as best we can.
Boredom? What do athletes want, to be entertained or
to win? Do they want jugglers and clowns
at training (work) to be entertained?
When I worked construction, I didn’t say to the boss “This is boring,
can you change my work to entertain me”. Sense of entitlement shit!!! I vary training to avoid adaptation, to keep
progression in training happening, not to entertain blokes with short attention
spans and a lack of desire to work hard.
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| Athletes are here to TRAIN, to get better and to win, not to have fun activity. Coaches are not here to be liked by players, but to make players better. (Although these concepts are not mutually exclusive, there is a sweet spot IMHO) |
Mladen: What is the
role of combat training for rugby players (e.g. wrestling, BJJ, boxing)? How is
that implemented into rugby training. What about various strongman implements
like sandbags (or boxing bags), sleds (prowlers), farmers walk, tires, etc?
Dan: NRL is combat, the structure of the game is based
upon warfare. So almost all forms of
combat have some application. Every team
does some form of grappling because it was always how we put someone on the
ground and controlled them. Every team
uses boxing drills as well. I don’t
really like strongman for a team due to its imprecise overload when you have
large numbers of athletes with disparate body sizes and strengths (see this
article, Baker, D. Strongman
training for large groups of athletes. Journal
of Australian Strength & Conditioning. 16(1):33-34. 2008.). One-on-one or for a very small group some
strongman stuff is OK, especially during late rehab when a player is close to
resuming playing. I would rather players
wrestle rather than do strongman, but sometimes a player can’t do wrestling, so
that is where we would use modified strongman stuff (more controlled
environment).
 |
| Do more wrestling.... less tire flipping |
Mladen: Thanks for the
insights Dan. What are you plans for the future? When can we expect the Dan
Baker Training system book?
Dan: There will be no book. I will do lectures, symposiums, conference
presentations, consulting, whatever, but no book. I am a people person, better to hear and see
me talk if you want to learn more.
